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Now that u know, lets get serious…………..

UTF-8 and Unicode Standards :: What is UTF-8?

March3

UTF-8 stands for Unicode
Transformation
Format-8. It is an octet (8-bit)
lossless encoding of Unicode characters.

UTF-8 encodes each Unicode character as a variable number of 1 to 4
octets, where the number of octets depends on the integer value assigned
to the Unicode character. It is an efficient encoding of Unicode
documents that use mostly US-ASCII characters because it represents each
character in the range U+0000 through U+007F as a single octet. UTF-8
is the default encoding for XML.

Standards

RFC
3629
: UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646. November 2003.
The
Unicode Standard 5.0
, November 2006. [purchase
from Amazon.com
]
In particular, see the informal
description
of UTF-8 in sections 2.5 and 2.6, pages 30-32, and a
much more formal
definition
in sections 3.9 and 3.10, pages 77-81.

Unicode Demystified: A Practical Programmer's Guide to the Encoding Standard

Articles and background reading

UTF-8 and
Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux
by Markus Kuhn
Forms
of Unicode
, an excellent overview by Mark Davis
Wikipedia UTF-8
contains a good discussion of why five- and six-octet sequences are
now illegal UTF-8
Unicode
Transformation Formats
[czyborra.com]
Unicode
UTF-8 FAQ
Unicode in
XML and other Markup Languages
: Unicode Technical Report #20
The
Absolute Minimum Every Software Developer Absolutely, Positively
Must Know About Unicode and Character Sets (No Excuses!)
, an
amusing and informative article by Joel Spolsky

Character Sets

The MIME character set attribute for UTF-8 is UTF-8.
Character sets are case-insensitive, so utf-8 is equally
valid. [IANA Character
Sets
].

In an HTML file, place this tag inside <head>
</head>:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">

In an XML prolog, the encoding is typically specified as an
attribute:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

In Apache server config or .htaccess, this will cause the HTTP header
to be generated for text/html and text/plain
content:

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

powered by performancing firefox

Installation Steps: NS 2 (Network Simulator 2.2.9) with CYGWIN

February12

It took almost 36 hours for me to acheive this. So just for those trying out the same, here are the pdf files with installation steps. They helped my installation.

One of them is with the wizard options partly english/chineese. But if you are brainy enough to try NS 2 with CYGWIN, im sure you can figure out what it means.

Here is the first PDF.

Here is another PDF for the installation steps.

Dont hesitate to ask if you need any further help. I will share the steps that worked for me. If you need to know how to set the environment variables, check my previous post.

By the way, below is the environment for this installation:

  • WINDOWS XP/mine is media center edition and it works!
  • CYGWIN Current version
  • NS2-2-9 (checked that 2.30 isnt working, it took 4 hours to realise this!)

Here are few sites where you can see the tutorials & download some examples to see if they are working.

i do this to run, say example1a.tcl:

1. Start CYGWIN (installed at C:\Cygwin)

2. cd .. (there is space after cd)

3. cd prathima (thats my directory where i installed NS2 at : root:\home, in other words at : “C:\cygwin\home\Prathima”)

4. startX (case sensitive, this is to start the shell for accessing ns!)

5. in the new window, ns .tcl

6. Output for NAM opens

7. In Hyderabadi style i would have to ask..Party? :)

What is ur excuse to learn a Programming language?

January5

Here is a funny approach to mathematically see how a programming language is better than another.

Let L be the set of all programming languages ever conceived past, present, and future.

The meta-question, M, thus becomes:

Among all members of L, which is the “best” and thus, which should I learn and use?

A variant of M, let’s call it M’, is: Is L(x) “better” than L(y)?

Let P be the purpose for which you wish to learn a “best” language.

Let A be the answer to M or M’ with condition P as a constraint.

A is thus the following set:

P = “I am interested in the design of languages and/or language theory.”

Learn as many members of L as time permits. Do not pollute L with your own ideas until you really understand what you are doing and what has already been done. Then do so only if you are convinced you can materially add to the state-of-the-art with original and useful work. The world does not need another language just so you can prove that you understand LR(1) grammars. Implement a subset of at least one existing language yourself to see just how hard this is to do well.

P = “I need to become/stay employable.”

Survey common practice in your profession of choice and determine the most common operating systems, GUIs, and languages already in use and the probable evolution of these items in the next several ears. Based on this information, you should select one procedural language, one object language, one scripting language, and, possibly, one assembly language which will comprise your core skill set. In selecting these, also consider the availability of supporting tools like standard libraries, debuggers, language-sensitive editors, profilers, and so on. If you have some choice of languages, always prefer those that share a common link format and have compatible inter-language calling APIs. If it comes down to a tie, pick the older language because it will almost always have fewer bugs.

P = “I want to make lots of money.”

Quit programming. Become a rock star, actor, or corrupt politician. The odds of getting rich in these fields, however slight, are probably better than in programming.

P = “I’ve heard that OO is the way to do things, so I want the best OO language.”

OO is one way to crack a problem. It is not the only way. More importantly, it is often not a good way. A solid OO language should be in your bag of tricks, but it’s not the only thing you will need.
P = “I want to produce code faster.”
Type faster. It doesn’t matter what you type because if speed is your goal you’ll just become expert at writing buggy code, so why bother with syntax and semantics at all? Correct code is always produced by people who are thoughtful and deliberate about what they are doing. Oh, and in the long run, they’re almost always faster getting things done too.
P = “I’m very nerdy. All I like to do is code on as many different platforms with as many different languages as I can. My Resume’ is 14 pages long. I have not been out of the house since 1982. Please help.”

Get a life. Read some poetry, or better still, write some (without using curly braces or semicolons). Learn a musical instrument that does not require electricity in any form. Get a low-tech hobby like gardening or sewing. You are an Addict – I feel your pain. As a recovery strategy, consider volunteering your skills to a cause that’s worth your time and effort and which requires you to interact with people who have absolutely no clue how a computer works. Do something good for your body and your spirit. I strongly recommend at least one high-activity sport (channel surfing does not qualify). Collect something other than computer manuals.


P = “I want to be famous.”

Rob a bank and get caught. OR Write a ton of really useful code and then give it away.

P = “I’m bored, I need a new challenge.”

If you already know more than 5 languages, consider joining the Navy SEALs – they are very busy at the moment and are always looking for an Adventurer just like you. If you are over 19 and this is therefore impractical, get married and raise children. You will never be bored.

Programming languages by popularity:

January4

Ever wonder how many brains are wrecked on these programming languages? Lets use Google to put a perspective on the subject.
Would like to begin by taking a look at the raw Google numbers returned by looking for “perl programming”, “c programming” and so forth.

For an absolute beginner, the best programming language is one that you do not have to spend a cent to buy before you know if you like it, one that you can get help from someone you know when you need it, and one that does something useful for you. As useful means different things to different people. Lets see how useful are current programming languages!

These numbers are really a measure of how “visible” a language is rather than its popularity, necessarily.

Programming language query on GOOGLE

We can see that the C language is the most visible language by this measure. Java and PHP, both popular languages of late, are next.

Cobol, included in this study to compare a mature technology that is definitely not “the hot new thing”, comes in last, not surprising given that its heyday was before the advent of the web.

PHP is very visible, coming in just behind Java, which Sun has spent millions of dollars to market over the past 8 years or so. PHP’s high visibility may well stem from the fact that it is mainly a web language, so that it would be natural for it to appear disproportionately on the web.
**

**charts with Hecl programming language and JFreeChart.

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